Living an Authentic Life - 1011 Words

Name: Quoc Tran English 2403: World Literature Section: L2 Professor: George Schroepfer Living an Authentic life Sangamithra Gangarapu, a software engineer, once said: â€Å"add life to your days, not days to your life;† This short but meaningful message caught my attention when I was browsing through facebook sometime last week. I’m sure the question that comes to mind when any of us when we see this quote is: have I live the life I was meant to live, or what does it mean to live an authentic life? Let us examine this question through the journeys of Noah, Gilgamesh, and Ivan. In my opinion, to live an authentic life is to have an ability to connect and believe deeply in your true spirit within that eventually those thoughts are†¦show more content†¦Ivan, when he was well, did not believe in death and as to him, death only happy to other people and not too much concern about the truth meaning of life. When he was drowned in sickness, he was forced to confront life’s unpleasantness and questioned himself how he lived his life. Ivan spent hi s last three days screaming and tortured himself with negative thoughts. One hour before he died, an insight has flashed through him and his pains were released. He realized and saw what he has not seen before, that he has lived well but only for himself and not for others. As he drew his last breath, he heard someone say:† He’s gone.† Then he whispered to himself:† death has gone.† Evan has found eternal life at the end of his life. Last but not least, how does faith influence what it means to live? Let Noah of Genesis help us explore this question. According to the bible, during the time of Noah, the world was in such chaos, evil; violence and corruption that God, the creator of all livings, had decided to end all lives and start it again for a new beginning. Noah was told to be righteous man of them all, also the only follower of God left on earth. Noah remained faithful to God, he walked with God and did all he asked for. And for his remarkable obe dience, God saved Noah, his family along with the some other chosen creatures while he flooded the earth and destroyed everything else that heShow MoreRelatedLiving An Authentic Christian Life1006 Words   |  5 Pagesline with the words, actions and goals of Jesus, as they daily strive to become more and more like Him. In order for this to happen there are two detrimental aspects that need to be considered. Character and service are two key ingredients in the life of one alive in Christ that go hand in hand as described in Romans 12. The believer’s new identity needs to continually transform their character to that of Christ, and their actions must identify them as servants of the King. I. Christian CharacterRead MoreThe Moral Imperative Of William Shakespeare s Hamlet 861 Words   |  4 PagesSelf Reflection To thine own self be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou cans t not be false to any man.—Shakespeare, Hamlet. To live an authentic way of life, you must know yourself and act accordingly. This is the moral imperative throughout the history of the study of human behavior. Existentialist believed that authenticity is critically important in understanding well being and freedom from psychopathology. The quote from William Shakespeare means that one must be honestRead MoreExistentialism : A Very Short Introduction Essay980 Words   |  4 Pagestheories with a great focus on existentialism. The book discusses key themes of free will and personal responsibility as well. Free will is the ability to choose from among various alternatives and options. Throughout life, each individual has the ability to choose how they live their life because of their position as a self-determining agent, although making them responsible for the authenticity of their decisions. Authenticity can be defined as something that is original or genuine, not a copy ofRead MoreDavid Whytes Consolations : Literary Analysis1678 Words   |  7 Pagessimplistic as the common person believes it to be- it may not stop at the surface level. In David Whyte’s book, Consolations: The Solace, Nourishment and Underlying Meaning of Everyday Words, he writes on friendship, exposing the true facets of an authentic friendship that oftentimes are overlooked by many people. In Whyte’s opinion, friendship is an eternal experience, or at least an experience in which people take part over an extended period of time. The need for continuous support and forgivenessRead MoreTheme Of The Death Of Ivan Ilyich892 Words   |  4 Pageshas been hailed as a masterpiece both by critics and readers. The author has been reputed as one of the people who changed how the subject of death is treated in society. In the novel, Leo Tolstoy presents the story of Ivan Ilych who lived a wast ed life but who is not ready to imagine his own death. Through Gerasim, the peasant servant associated with Ivan, we are able to see the simple and gentle approach manner to which he serves his master. The Death of Ivan Ilyich is the first major work of fictionRead MoreTeaching Learners Develop Their Students Oral Proficiency Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesThe materials, activities, exercises, and digital tools in the project can help Chinese EFL teachers develop their students’ oral proficiency. In addition, with authentic learning materials and speaking practices, the project is designed to help English learners develop their communicative abilities. English teachers in China may refer to this curriculum in designing their own lessons for oral practice. English teachers in China can find some inspirations from this project when they want to useRead MoreEssay Discovering Your Authentic Leadership888 Words   |  4 PagesReviewer: Sunni Swarbrick Course Title: Bus 212 Executive Leadership, Fall 2012 Article Title: Discovering Your Authentic Leadership Author(s): Bill George, Peter Sims, Andrew N. McLean, and Diana Mayer Journal: Harvard Business Review Publication Date: February 1, 2007 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Through Discovering Your Authentic Leadership, readers will learn that you do not have to be born with a specific characteristic or traits of what society views as a leader. Nor do you have to waitRead MoreViktor Frankl Founder Of Existential Therapy1373 Words   |  6 Pagesunable to motivate their own will to live and/ or make meaning out of life, they become immobile. Consequently, this immobility makes living difficult, which in essence results in the development of psychological disruptions.   Suicide, for example, is one disruption that can stem from one feeling not only alone, but feeling as if life has no meaning.   Those who seek this form of therapy are in search for the meaning of their personal life.   Gaining insight into the fears about death, loneliness, meaninglessnessRead MoreViktor Frankl Founder Of Existential Therapy1336 Words   |  6 Pagesunable to motivate their own will to live and/ or make meaning out of life, they become immobile. Consequently, thi s immobility makes living difficult, which in essence results in the development of psychological disruptions. Suicide, for example, is one disruption that can stem from one feeling not only alone, but feeling as if life has no meaning. Those who seek this form of therapy are in search for the meaning of their personal life. Gaining insight into the fears about death, loneliness and meaninglessnessRead MoreWhat I Believe Sartre?918 Words   |  4 Pageswhere he quotes â€Å"We are condemned to be free., Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. I will discuss in further details, what I believe he means when he speaks of freedom and its burden. What does freedom mean for individuals and living an authentic life? Why might God be an obstacle to radical freedom and why I consider myself as free as Sartre speaks of? Sartre speaks of this freedom that we all humans have, he says that we are condemned to be free, we are meant to just do whatever we please

Lord Of The Hat And Alice s Adventures - 3646 Words

Introduction to Personification Personification, specifically anthropomorphism, has evolved within the English language over the past millenniums. Personification, defined as â€Å"the practice of representing a thing or idea as a person† by the Merriam-Webster dictionary, was first used over 30,000 years ago in prehistoric works of art and within various forms of mythology. These art forms and fictional creatures utilize anthropomorphism, a sub-category to personification that deals exclusively with human-like animals. Later in the 1900’s, anthropomorphism became a common practice within children’s stories such as The Cat in the Hat and Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. During its course, personification has become a part of everyday language typically while describing nature and the world around us. Demonstrating the regularity of personification, â€Å"the storm raged on† exemplifies how the literary device has become so commonly used that many people forget that they are even using it. Before the evolution of the literary device during the prehistoric age and within children’s stories, personification was primarily used to help humans empathize and connect with or even characterize objects. Now, the development of personification has authorized individuals to view the environment as a scapegoat, diverting blame away from themselves and instead placing guilt upon the inanimate object. Prehistoric Personification The earliest forms of personification were seen in early art formsShow MoreRelatedChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pages[1500-1650 CE] 32 The 17th Century 34 The 18th and Early 19th Centuries 35 The Victorians: The Golden Age 36 Twentieth Century: Widening Worlds 38 9. Bibliography 38 1. Introduction In 1817 Robert Bloomfield, author of The History of Little Davy’s New Hat, wrote: ‘The longer I live †¦ the more I am convinced of the importance of children’s books.’ That similar statements are still being made two hundred years later shows us how much children’s books have always had to prove in England. And it has beenRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designa tions by manufacturersRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore

Nutrition analysis verB Free Essays

a. How many grams of fat can you consume in a day and not exceed 30 percent of your calories from fat? Use the CNPP recommendation for your daily calorie recommendation to calculate your answer. How did you do in this area for the day you recorded? On the â€Å"standard† daily calorie intake of 2,200 recommended for very active young women, the upper limit for fat intake is 73 grams (660 calories). We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition analysis verB or any similar topic only for you Order Now If I was to be sedentary man or an active woman, I would roughly have to meet the same requirement, which is not to take in more than 73 grams of fat in a day b. How many grams of saturated fat can you consume in a day and not exceed 10 percent of calories from saturated fat? How did you do in this area for the day you recorded? I need to consume only ten percent of calories from saturated fat, meaning, I may not exceed more than 300 mg of saturated fats in day. Saturated fats such as cholesterol, and trans fat which is not only bad for my diet but will also clog up my aorta(major heart vein). c. For the day you recorded your intake if you ate a serving of a high-fat food, for example, lasagna, how could you avoid exceeding the recommended fat intake for the day? During the event that I eat food containing high amounts of fat, to be able to balance the amount of fat intake, I eat food that contain less fat and eat foods that were boiled, broiled or grilled. In doing so, I end up taking in less fat and still eating a lot. Because even if we avoid frying food it will still most likely contain fat, so I will at least minimize the amount of fat included in everything else I eat. d. If you could substitute a serving of lower fat lasagna for the higher fat choice, what effect would this have on your other food choices and on your calorie and nutrient intakes for that day? Replacing the lasagna, which contains a large amount of fat with lasagna that contains a lot less, will definitely make it a lot easier for someone to compensate concerning the other food options that I may have. Instead of having to choose low calorie and fat containing food, which may turn out to be bland, I can opt to eat regular food options that can not only fill my stomach but also fill my calorie requirement for the day. e. Considering regular lasagna, which ingredients most likely contribute most to the total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol in the higher fat lasagna selection? Perhaps lasagna could be included in one’s diet once a week, like on Sundays or special holidays. Making lasagna, with all its calories and fats, a part of one’s daily diet is not only irrational but is also risky when it comes to one’s health. f. How could you change those ingredients to reflect a reduction in fat content? I can reduce the fat content of lasagna by placing whole-wheat lasagna instead of the regular pasta, decreasing the amount of virgin olive oil that is placed in it, placing less butter, and also using ground chicken rather than ground beef. g. How did the day’s recorded total for calories and vitamins compare with your recommended amounts? Did the day’s meals meet or exceed your need for energy? Describe how your actual intake varied from the CNPP recommendation. Happily, I was able to exceed the needed amounts for calories and vitamins for the day. As for the vitamins, I was happy to see that I exceeded it because it means that I am eating a healthy diet. Although for the calorie intake, it scares me a bit because eating a calorie pack food without expending it properly will result to added body fats. h. Did your meals present too little of any of the vitamins and minerals listed in the CNPP materials? Which ones? Actually, my vitamin intake for the day exceeded what was expected from me greatly. I was able to take in more than what was required from me according to CNPP, which means none of them where under-represented. i. What changes in your choices among those foods would have improved the energy or vitamin or mineral totals for the day? Improvement when taken in a standard meaning would actually mean to increase, but in my case, to improve my diet I would have to decrease my energy intake and simply maintain my vitamin and mineral intake for the day. j. Did your choices provide enough folate to meet your requirement? I am glad to say that I actually met the required amount of folate that I had to take in within one day. In fact I was able to take in twice the required amount of 400 micrograms and was able to take in 784.5 micrograms. k. What are the sources of niacin in your day’s meals? Niacin is not really that abundant in standard food. Niacin can actually be found in whole refined grains. When mills refine grain they are required by law to add folic acid, NIACIN, iron and riboflavin. So therefore eating refined grains at least once a day may add to my Niacin intake. l. What about Vitamin C? What percentage of your daily need of Vitamin C did your meals provide? Which individual foods were the main contributors? To what food groups do they belong? I was able to take in a total of 126.78% vitamin C within one day. Vitamin C or Ascorbic Acid is abundant in Citrus filled drinks and meals such as lemons, oranges and lime, all of which are in the Fruits part of the Food Pyramid. Also aside from normal food intake, it is easy to receive vitamin C by simply buying it in a local drugstore. m. How did your total energy intake compare with your energy recommendation? Is this consistent with your nutritional goals? In my food intake, I was able to take 6604 kcal worth energy, which is three times more the recommended 2339 kcal goal for a day. It is very impressive to see that I was able to take in that much energy. However, it is also true that if I am not able to expend that energy within a day, it turns to body fat which is terrible to have. n. Which of your foods are â€Å"vitamin bargains†? Those would be foods which are vitamin-dense, providing the most vitamins for the fewest calories. Fruits and vegetables of course give me the most amounts of vitamins without having to increase my total number of calories significantly. In fact it can be noted that the best source of vitamins are vegetables because they don’t contain fructose like fruits do, but they contain a minimal amount of starch which makes up a good low calorie diet. o. Breakfast cereals are a great source of vitamins. What characteristic of these foods makes them so rich in vitamins? Breakfast cereals are made from plants specifically corn, wheat, and grains. Corn in itself is full of vitamins and wheat and grains may contain some vitamins as well. In addition, the fact that when we eat cereals it always comes with full cream or filled milk, which adds a significant amount of vitamins in a persons diet. p. What can you say about your recorded food intake and the vitamins and minerals that you obtained from the foods you ate that day? I can say that I actually exceed the requirements that are set for a balanced diet. Although this is not such a good thing because too much of certain food groups may cause complications to my health. References Dietary guidelines and the Guide to the Food Pyramid. West Virginia University, December 22, 2007, from http://www.wvu.edu/~exten/infores/pubs/fypubs/WLG_132_Food_Pyramid.pdf Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005, USDHHS, USDA, December 22,2007. from Kantor, L.S. December 22, 2007, from http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer772/aer772a.pdf Lawrence J. Appel, M.D., M.P.H., Benjamin Caballero, M.D., Ph.D., and Fergus M. Clydesdale, Ph.D. Dietary Guidelines for Americans. December 22, 2007, from www.healthierus.gov/dietaryguidelines National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. How to cite Nutrition analysis verB, Essay examples

With Specific Reference to the Concepts of Equality and Citizenship free essay sample

During much of its history, most feminist movements and theories had leaders who were predominantly middle-class white women from Western Europe and North America. However, at least since Sojourner Truths 1851 speech to American feminists, women of other races have proposed alternative feminisms (Sinclair, 1975: 235-238). This trend accelerated in the 1960s with the Civil Rights movement in the United States and the collapse of European colonialism in Africa, the Caribbean, parts of Latin America and Southeast Asia (Salper, 1972:43-48). In this paper I try to explain the characteristics points of feminist though in Britain and America in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Although the terms feminism and feminist did not gain widespread use until the 1970s, they were already being used in the public parlance much earlier (Baumgardner, Richards, 2000:28); for instance, Katherine Hepburn speaks of the feminist movement in the 1942 film Woman of the Year (Henry, 2004:31). Feminism has altered predominant perspectives in a wide range of areas within Western society, ranging from culture to law. Feminist activists have campaigned for womens legal rights (rights of contract, property rights, voting rights); for womens right to bodily integrity and autonomy, for abortion rights, and for reproductive rights (including access to contraception and quality prenatal care); for protection of women and girls from domestic violence, sexual harassment and rape; for workplace rights, including maternity leave and equal pay; against misogyny; and against other forms of gender-specific discrimination against women (Saunder, 2005:201). Simone de Beauvoir wrote that the first time we see a woman take up her pen in defense of her sex (Salper, 1972:32) was Christine de Pizan who wrote Epitre au Dieu dAmour (Epistle to the God of Love) in the 15th century. Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa and Modesta di Pozzo di Forzi worked in the 16th century (Mohanty, 2000: 56). Marie Le Jars de Gournay, Anne Bradstreet and Francois Poullain de la Barre wrote during the 17th. Feminists and scholars have divided the movements history into three waves (Ryan, 1992:63). First-wave feminism refers to an extended period of feminist activity during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century in the United Kingdom and the United States. Originally it focused on the promotion of equal contract and property rights for women and the opposition to chattel marriage and ownership of married women (and their children) by their husbands (Nemeroff, Tukey, 2001:123-125). However, by the end of the nineteenth century, activism focused primarily on gaining political power, particularly the right of womens suffrage. Yet, feminists such as Voltairine de Cleyre and Margaret Sanger were still active in campaigning for womens sexual, reproductive, and economic rights at this time (Evans, 1979:108-109). In 1854, Florence Nightingale established female nurses as adjuncts to the military. In Britain the Suffragettes and, possibly more effectively, the Suffragists campaigned for the womens vote. In 1918 the Representation of the People Act 1918 was passed granting the vote to women over the age of 30 who owned houses. In 1928 this was extended to all women over twenty-one. In the United States, leaders of this movement included Lucretia Mott, Lucy Stone, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony, who each campaigned for the abolition of slavery prior to championing womens right to vote; all were strongly influenced by Quaker thought (Mohanty, 2000:99). American first-wave feminism involved a wide range of women. Some, such as Frances Willard, belonged to conservative Christian groups such as the Womans Christian Temperance Union. Others, such as Matilda Joslyn Gage, were more radical, and expressed themselves within the National Woman Suffrage Association or individually (Bardon, 1978:59-61). American first-wave feminism is considered to have ended with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (1919), granting women the right to vote in all states. The term first wave was coined retrospectively after the term second-wave feminism began to be used to describe a newer feminist movement that focused as much on fighting social and cultural inequalities as political inequalities (Baumgardner, Richards, 2000:59-61). Second-wave feminism refers to the period of activity in the early 1960s and lasting through the late 1980s. The scholar Imelda Whelehan suggests that the second wave was a continuation of the earlier phase of feminism involving the suffragettes in the UK and USA (Evans, 1979:21-26). Second-wave feminism has continued to exist since that time and coexists with what is termed third-wave feminism. The scholar Estelle Freedman compares first and second-wave feminism saying that â€Å"the first wave focused on rights such as suffrage, whereas the second wave was largely concerned with other issues of equality, such as ending discrimination† (Harding, 2004:32). The feminist activist and author Carol Hanisch coined the slogan The Personal is Political which became synonymous with the second wave (Harding, 2004:104). Second-wave feminists saw womens cultural and political inequalities as inextricably linked and encouraged women to understand aspects of their personal lives as deeply politicized and as reflecting sexist power structures. The French author and philosopher Simone de Beauvoir wrote novels; monographs on philosophy, politics, and social issues; essays; biographies; and an autobiography (Henry, 2004:111-112). She is now best known for her metaphysical novels, including She Came to Stay and The Mandarins, and for her treatise The Second Sex, a detailed analysis of womens oppression and a foundational tract of contemporary feminism. Written in 1949, its English translation was published in 1953 (Mohanty, 2000:31). It sets out a feminist existentialism which prescribes a moral revolution. As an existentialist, she accepted Jean-Paul Sartres precept existence precedes essence; hence one is not born a woman, but becomes one. (Mohanty, 2000: 33). Her analysis focuses on the social construction of Woman as the â€Å"Other†. This de Beauvoir identifies as fundamental to womens oppression. She argues women have historically been considered deviant and abnormal and contends that even Mary Wollstonecraft considered men to be the ideal toward which women should aspire. De Beauvoir argues that for feminism to move forward, this attitude must be set aside. Betty Friedans The Feminine Mystique (1963) criticized the idea that women could only find fulfillment through childrearing and homemaking. According to Friedans obituary in the The New York Times, The Feminine Mystique â€Å"†¦ignited the contemporary womens movement in 1963 and as a result permanently transformed the social fabric of the United States and countries around the world†( Saunder, 2005: 101) and â€Å"is widely regarded as one of the most influential nonfiction books of the 20th century. † (Saunder, 2005:101). In the book Friedan hypothesizes that women are victims of a false belief system that requires them to find identity and meaning in their lives through their husbands and children. Such a system causes women to completely lose their identity in that of their family. Friedan specifically locates this system among post-World War II middle-class suburban communities. At the same time, Americas post-war economic boom had led to the development of new technologies that were supposed to make household work less difficult, but that often had the result of making womens work less meaningful and valuable (Saunder, 2005:221-223). Third-wave feminism began in the early 1990s, arising as a response to perceived failures of the second wave and also as a response to the backlash against initiatives and movements created by the second wave (Saunder, 2005:224-226). Third-wave feminism seeks to challenge or avoid what it deems the second waves essentialist definitions of femininity, which (according to them) over-emphasize the experiences of upper middle-class white women (Harding, 2004:114). A post-structuralist interpretation of gender and sexuality is central to much of the third waves ideology. Third-wave feminists often focus on micro-politics and challenge the second waves paradigm as to what is, or is not, good for females. The third wave has its origins in the mid-1980s. Feminist leaders rooted in the second wave like Gloria Anzaldua, bell hooks, Chela Sandoval, Cherrie Moraga, Audre Lorde, Maxine Hong Kingston, and many other black feminists, sought to negotiate a space within feminist thought for consideration of race-related subjectivities (Harding, 2004:133-134). Third-wave feminism also contains internal debates between difference feminists such as the psychologist Carol Gilligan (who believes that there are important differences between the sexes) and those who believe that there are no inherent differences between the sexes and contend that gender roles are due to social conditioning (Henry, 2004:151-153). From the 1960s on the womens liberation movement campaigned for womens rights, including the same pay as men, equal rights in law, and the freedom to plan their families (Ryan, 1992:332). Their efforts were met with mixed results. Issues commonly associated with notions of womens rights include, though are not limited to: the right to bodily integrity and autonomy; to vote (universal suffrage); to hold public office; to work; to fair wages or equal pay; to own property; to education; to serve in the military; to enter into legal contracts; and to have marital, parental and religious rights (Nemeroff, Tukey, 2001:293-294). The phrase Women’s Liberation was first used in the United States in 1964 and first appeared in print in 1966. By 1968, although the term Women’s Liberation Front appeared in the magazine Ramparts, it was starting to refer to the whole women’s movement (Henry, 2004:193). Bra-burning also became associated with the movement, though the actual prevalence of bra-burning is debatable (Harding, 2004:153-154). One of the most vocal critics of the womens liberation movement has been the African American feminist and intellectual Gloria Jean Watkins (who uses the pseudonym bell hooks) who argues that this movement glossed over race and class and thus failed to address the issues that divided women. (Henry, 2004:83) She highlighted the lack of minority voices in the womens movement in her book Feminist theory from margin to center (1984). In the UK a public groundswell of opinion in favour of legal equality gained pace, partly through the extensive employment of women in mens traditional roles during both world wars (Ryan, 1992:334-336). By the 1960s the legislative process was being readied, tracing through MP Willie Hamiltons select committee report, his Equal Pay for Equal Work Bill, the creation of a Sex Discrimination Board, Lady Sears draft sex anti-discrimination bill, a government Green Paper of 1973, until 1975 when the first British Sex Discrimination Act, an Equal Pay Act, and an Equal Opportunities Commission came into force (Henry, 2004:148-149). With encouragement from the UK government, the other countries of the EEC soon followed suit with an agreement to ensure that discrimination laws would be phased out across the European Community (Harding, 2004:131-133). In the USA, the US National Organization for Women (NOW) was created in 1966 with the purpose of bringing about equality for all women. NOW was one important group that fought for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) (Henry, 2004:155). This amendment stated that, â€Å"†¦equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of sex. †(Harding, 2004:99) But there was disagreement on how the proposed amendment would be understood (Henry, 2004). Supporters believed it would guarantee women equal treatment. But critics feared it might deny women the right be financially supported by their husbands. The amendment died in 1982 because not enough states had ratified it. ERAs have been included in subsequent Congresses, but have still failed to be ratified (Harding, 2004:116). In the final three decades of the 20th century, Western women knew a new freedom through birth control, which enabled women to plan their adult lives, often making way for both career and family. The movement had been started in the 1910s by US pioneering social reformer Margaret Sanger and in the UK and internationally by Marie Stopes (Harding, 2004:132). The United Nations Human Development Report 2004 estimated that when both paid employment and unpaid household tasks are accounted for, on average women work more than men (Henry, 2004:118). In rural areas of selected developing countries women performed an average of 20% more work than men, or an additional 102 minutes per day (Harding, 2004:115-116). In the OECD countries surveyed, on average women performed 5% more work than men, or 20 minutes per day (Henry, 2004). At the UNs Pan Pacific Southeast Asia Womens Association 21st International Conference in 2001 it was stated that in the world as a whole, women comprise 51% of the population, do 66% of the work, receive 10% of the income and own less than one percent of the property. Saunder, 2005: 23-24) A number of feminist writers maintain that identifying as a feminist is the strongest stand men can take in the struggle against sexism (Henry, 2004:126-128). They have argued that men should be allowed, or even be encouraged, to participate in the feminist movement (Harding, 2004:166-168). Other female feminists argue that men cannot be feminists simply because they are not women. They maintain that men are granted inh erent privileges that prevent them from identifying with feminist struggles, thus making it impossible for them to identify with feminists (Saunder, 2005:24-26). Fidelma Ashe has approached the issue of male feminism by arguing that traditional feminist views of male experience and of men doing feminism(Saunder, 2005: 25) have been monolithic. She explores the multiple political discourses and practices of pro-feminist politics, and evaluates each strand through an interrogation based upon its effect on feminist politics (Saunder, 2005:28-29). A more recent examination of the subject is presented by author and academic Shira Tarrant (Saunder, 2005:29-32). In Men and Feminism the California State University, Long Beach professor highlights critical debates about asculinity and gender, the history of men in feminism, and men’s roles in preventing violence and sexual assault (Harding, 2004:131-134). Through critical analysis and first-person stories by feminist men, Tarrant addresses the question of why men should care about feminism in the first place and lays the foundation for a larger discussion about feminism as an all-encompassing, human issue (Henry, 2004:155-159). In conclusion I want to stress that several sub movements of feminist ideology; in the Britain and America; have developed over the years.